In a war dominated by the unexpected, few imagined Ukraine’s fourth year at war would so firmly now question the security of all of Europe.

Fathers and sons wrestle with what it means to be a man in a country embroiled in war. They were boys when the war began — innocent and ignorant of missiles, drones and Russian occupation. Three years after Russia’s full-scale invasion — the war still raging — they are facing adulthood in a country where being a man often means carrying a weapon.

The estimated cost to rebuild Ukraine's economy after Russia's invasion has risen to $524 billion, nearly three times its expected 2024 economic output, the World Bank, United Nations, European Commission and the Ukrainian government found.

The three-year milestone drew more than a dozen Western leaders to Kyiv for commemorative events in a conspicuous show of support.