The vial, also known as an unguentarium, is commonly believed to have held perfumes or cosmetic oils.

Pergamon’s setting strengthens the interpretation. The city was closely tied to the sanctuary of Asclepius and long had a reputation for healing. The Asklepion at Pergamon became one of antiquity’s ...

Roman “wax tablets” were wooden frames holding a thin layer of wax used like a reusable notepad. The wax is gone in the Tongeren material, but stylus pressure sometimes bit deep enough to leave ...

The Huns, the nomadic warriors who devastated the Western Roman Empire, have long been a source of fascination and mystery ...