Pore-forming proteins are found throughout nature. In humans, they play key roles in immune defense, while in bacteria they ...

Cations are ions that are positively charged. Anions are ions that are negatively charged. Ions are charged atoms or molecules. If a balanced atom loses one or more electrons, it will become a ...

Little is known about how the proteins forming ion channels -- the 'pores' on the cell membrane -- change when they open and close, especially the portion that is 'embedded' in the membrane.

Scientists at EPFL have unraveled the mystery behind why biological nanopores, tiny molecular holes used in both nature and ...

Hannah J. Sayre is in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Harsh Bhatia is in the ...

On the above, the rare earth solution was sprayed on mulberry, which was fed to silkworm to spun reinforced silk fibers. On the below, it illustrates the ion−dipole and cation−π interaction between ...