The Earth has a shell-like structure. It is divided into a core (inner and outer core), a mantle (lower and upper mantle, separated by a transition zone), and the earth's crust. The Earth’s magnetic ...

The earth's magnetic field has been existing for at least 3.4 billion years thanks to the low heat conduction capability of iron in the planet's core. This is the result of the first direct ...

The geomagnetic field, generated by the convecting motions of Earth’s liquid outer core, is a fundamental facet of our planet’s evolution. Its long‐term behaviour is recorded in rocks through the ...

Sustaining a magnetic field is difficult for a terrestrial planet. Creeping flow of the planet's rocky shell (mantle) restricts heat loss from the underlying core. By comparison, the liquid-iron core ...

Iron, the most abundant element by mass on Earth, reveals a fascinating complexity under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. For thousands of years, humans have relied on iron for tools, ...

Without Earth's magnetic field, life on the planet might not exist. For 3.4 billion years, this magnetic field has prevented Earth from becoming extremely vulnerable to high-energy particles called ...

How does the Earth generate its magnetic field? While the basic mechanisms seem to be understood, many details remain unresolved. A team of researchers has introduced a simulation method that promises ...