While the engineering community continues to explore the benefits of electric and hybrid vehicles—i.e., the environmental and renewable energy factors—the automotive market is still dependent on ...

Mechanical lifters were once commonplace in internal combustions engines, but they've been mostly replaced by hydraulic lifters, which offer a lot of benefits.

A variety of two-stage, or discrete, variable valve lift (DVVL) and continuously variable valve lift (CVVL) systems have recently been incorporated in production vehicles. Several systems that have ...

New ZL Series proportional flow control valves from HydraForce Inc. (Lincolnshire, IL) are internally pressure-compensated and operate in two directions. "The valves provide identical flow vs current ...

Hydraulic circuits are comprised of cylinders, valves, pumps, and are connected via hydraulic pipes and tubes. The complexity of these components are difficult to represent fully so hydraulic symbol ...