Modern society is definitely more mobile than it was several decades ago. Accompanying the increased mobility is a corresponding craving for greater quantities of information. The increased demand has ...

Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...

Power-density improvements are an increasingly elusive goal as designers exhaust the easiest or most obvious solutions. One direction that’s now being explored more thoroughly is advanced modulation ...

The advent of all‐optical modulation format conversion techniques has fundamentally reshaped modern optical communications. These techniques enable the direct manipulation of optical signals in their ...

Two things have been overlooked with phasing amplitude modulation. One is the importance of pulse modulation; the other is that logic gates can be used for analog signal processing. Both of these ...

Over the past decades, engineers have introduced numerous technologies that rely on light and its underlying characteristics.

Modulation is the process of varying a higher frequency carrier wave to transmit information. Though it is theoretically possible to transmit baseband signals (or information) without modulating it, ...

As an ultra-wideband microwave signal, amplitude shift keying (ASK) can be used in many occasions, such as electronic warfares, wireless communications and modern radar systems. Initially, ASK ...

The key parameters of the FSS technique and their impact on EMI performance. How to evaluate FSS performance using simulation, ICs, and a signal generator. Frequency spread spectrum (FSS) is a ...