Background Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is the most common complaint in female volleyball players. Larger quadriceps femoris angle (Q angle) has been implicated as a source of patellofemoral ...

For evolutionary reasons, women have wider pelvises than men to enable childbirth. This affects the so-called Q-angle, which ...

Background Large Q-angles are risk factors for knee injuries including patellofemoral pain syndrome and anterior cruciate ligament injury. However, there is limited research on the characteristics of ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . In the assessment of patellar instability, malalignment is an important factor to consider in determining the ...

A protractor is used to draw and measure angles. An angle is the amount of turn between two lines. Angles are measured in degrees with the symbol °. Angles can be labelled with 3 letters (eg DEF) to ...