Java provides a way for the programmer to exercise control over memory management by marking certain objects as expendable via reference objects. Should an application’s memory requirements quickly ...

To learn about object technology, two easy-to-read books on the subject are David Taylor's "Object-Oriented Technology: A Manager's Guide" (Addison-Wesley, 1990) and "Business Engineering with Object ...

Knowing how references really differ from pointers should help you decide when to use references and when to stick with pointers. In C++, references provide many of the same capabilities as pointers.

Take advantage of the NULL Object pattern to avoid writing too much boilerplate code in your application when checking for null values A null object is one that doesn’t have any referenced value. The ...

Method references are a shorthand way to write lambda expressions that call a single method. Rather than implementing a method in a functional interface, a method reference simply points to an ...