Given the current state of practice and visions for the future (including AI), certain practices should be reevaluated. This ...

Spatial data generalisation is a critical process in cartography and geographic information science, enabling the simplification of complex geospatial datasets while retaining essential structural and ...

Testing of data provided by the Second Pipeline Construction Co. of China National Petroleum Corp. (PetroChina Pipeline) shows that using a 3D pipeline spatial-data model (PSDM) not only can further ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) processing rests on the use of vectorised data. In other words, AI turns real-world information into data that can be used to gain insight, searched for and manipulated.