Hedonic (Emotional/Pleasure) Hunger: This is driven by the brain’s reward system. This captures the occasions when we eat for ...

Introduction A paper was published in the Annals of Internal Medicine on 16th December 2025. It was called “Effects of ...

* Population studies typically involve tens or hundreds of thousands of people. This population study involved 702 people in Brazil – 80% of them women. * It claimed that vegetarian and plant-based ...

Executive summary * This week's note is about Dr Malcolm Kendrick's new book called The Clot Thickens. * Malcolm has been trying for 30 years to understand and explain what really causes heart disease ...

* An article has been published, which aimed to investigate the robustness of the claim that saturated fat clogs arteries and causes heart disease. * I start this note with some basic facts about food ...

Executive summary * The official positions from the World Health Organisation (WHO), the US Centres for Disease Control (CDC), the US Surgeon General and the UK Deputy Chief Medical officer are ...

* This note summarises what carbohydrates are, from fructose to fibre. * It briefly looks at the role carbohydrates have played historically – feeding and growing the population and freeing people up ...

* An umbrella review was conducted with the aim of examining all evidence related to meat intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Meat intake was examined as UNprocessed red ...

* I have received many emails from readers about recent claims in the media that seed oils are not harmful and that, on the contrary, they can reduce heart disease. The common factor in the media ...

* This week's note is about something I don't like the taste of – alcohol. * A large systematic review identified 107 population studies, which had examined alcohol intake and deaths from any cause.

Many thanks to Ellen Calteau Registered Dietician for this week’s note. Ellen is the Food Addiction Resources Operation Manager for the PHC charity. She spotted a pre-print paper announcing a protocol ...

We’re on the second of a four part note documenting “How to read a paper.” Last week we looked at the levels of evidence. That’s the starting point to understand what we are reading and how robust it ...