An artificial immune system (AIS) for intrusion detection is a software system that loosely models some parts of the behavior of the human immune system to protect computer networks from viruses and ...

Why do some vaccines protect for a lifetime, while threats like tumors and viruses present such an ongoing challenge? The ...

Since their inception in the 1990s, artificial immune systems (AIS) have drawn inspiration from the human immune response to create flexible, distributed problem-solving frameworks. In optimisation, ...

Immune-mediated diseases, including cancer and viral infections, continue to pose major global health challenges despite ...

Understanding how a tumor evolves against the attack of the immune system is one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. Current mathematical models are usually deterministic; that is, they ...