Research shows how breathing can impact the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to destress and increase ...

The pineal gland, which produces melatonin to regulate sleep, can develop calcium deposits (calcifications) over time. Researchers aren’t certain why this happens, though aging, metabolic activity, ...

The pituitary gland is a pea-sized endocrine gland that is situated in the middle of the skull base and kept protected within a bony cavity called the sella turcica. It plays an essential role in ...

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) comprise 12 protein components, VirB1–VirB11 and VirD4. VirB2 forms a pilus and is co-purified with VirB5. VirB4, VirB11 and VirD4 are ATPases powering pilus assembly ...

John Carew, MD, is an otolaryngologist and adjunct assistant professor at the Mount Sinai Medical Center department of otolaryngology and NYU Medical Center. Bacterial and viral infections commonly ...

Flutter valves are handheld devices that help people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clear excess mucus from their airways. They work by combining positive expiratory pressure with ...

The endocrine system refers to the cells, glands and organs that secrete hormones directly into the blood in order to control physiological and behavioural activities. The effects of the endocrine ...

Swollen lymph nodes in the groin, called inguinal lymph nodes, are usually caused by a lower body infection, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), fungal infections, cellulitis, or urinary ...

Swollen supraclavicular lymph nodes may occur as a reaction to infection or due to metastatic cancer. This type of swelling typically occurs just above a person’s collarbone. Swelling in the ...